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In an effort to reduce carbon emissions, innovative building design in Canada has increasingly embraced diverse options for energy supply, such as on-site renewable energy. For multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs), natural gas use for space heating represents the highest energy end use, presenting a significant opportunity for emission reductions. One promising solution is geothermal energy — but what exactly is it?
Geothermal energy is a form of renewable energy that originates from the subsurface of the Earth. It harnesses the heat stored in reservoirs of hot water and steam located at various depths, often accessed by drilling wells at least one mile deep. This energy source can be used for electricity generation, as well as for heating and cooling buildings. Unlike solar or wind, geothermal energy offers a constant and reliable supply, making it a valuable asset in the transition to low-carbon infrastructure.
Advantages of Geothermal Energy
Geothermal energy is a clean, efficient, and cost-effective alternative to fossil fuels. Since it is generated close to the source, it reduces processing and transportation costs. It also provides a stable energy supply regardless of weather conditions. Key benefits include:
In addition, geothermal systems have a long lifespan and require minimal maintenance, making them a sustainable investment for both developers and homeowners.
The Impacts of Geothermal Technology from the Design Perspective
Integrating geothermal systems early in a building’s design process can significantly influence the project’s budget, mechanical layout, construction schedule, and even marketing strategy. When considered before site approvals, geothermal systems have minimal spatial impact but can influence planning decisions such as building height and orientation.
From an architectural standpoint, geothermal technology encourages the use of passive design strategies, such as natural ventilation and daylighting, which enhance indoor comfort and reduce energy demand. Visually, components like ground-coupled heat exchangers can be integrated into the building’s façade, contributing both to energy efficiency and aesthetic appeal. This integration fosters a holistic approach to sustainable design, where form and function work in harmony.
Q4A Projects Where This Technology Has Been Used
We can see examples of the impact of geothermal technology on architecture all around the world — and right here in Canada.
Q4A projects like The Preserve, the first high-density development on North Oakville’s Dundas Urban Corridor (DUC), showcase geothermal impact on sustainable design. This five-building mixed-use development achieved a 28% reduction in energy use, with lower maintenance costs, stable utility bills, and independence from natural gas — shielding it from rising fuel prices and carbon taxes.
Similarly, Carding House, also in Oakville’s Preserve community, uses geothermal to enhance indoor comfort, offering consistent temperatures, better airflow, and humidity control for residents. The thoughtfully designed townhouses, part of an established, tight-knit community, provide increased comfort with no intermittent cold or hot spots. Switching from natural gas to geothermal for space heating and cooling allowed for a 49% reduction in GHG emissions and 28% reduction in overall energy consumption due to its high efficiency, and it eliminated exposure to rising commodity prices and carbon taxes.
These examples highlight how geothermal systems support energy efficiency, cost savings, and improved living environments. As more developers and architects embrace this technology, we move closer to a future where sustainable design is not just an option, but the standard. Let’s continue to push the boundaries of innovation and build communities that are both resilient and environmentally responsible.
Marcelo Graca
Toronto
Hola! I’m Marcelo, Director of Mid- and High-Rise Architecture at Q4 Architects. After two years of studying business, I began my architectural studies at the National University of Buenos Aires in Argentina. I moved to Canada in the early '80s, and after working at several Toronto firms, I opened my own practice, focusing mainly on residential and long-term care projects.
My best work happens when there’s a two-way connection between the client and my team. I love walking into the studio and feeling the energy of the staff and their critical curiosity for deeper meanings. Mentoring and sharing my experiences, both in life and professionally (they are one and the same in architecture!), is what I enjoy the most.
